gb/gb_string.h

/* gb_string.h - v0.96 - public domain string library - no warranty implied; use at your own risk
	A Simple Dynamic Strings Library for C and C++

	Version History:
	        0.96 - Add printf
		0.95b - Fix issue #21
		0.95a - Change brace style because why not?
		0.95  - C90 Support
	    0.94  - Remove "declare anywhere"
	    0.93  - Fix typos and errors
	    0.92  - Add extern "C" if compiling as C++
	    0.91  - Remove `char * cstr` from String_Header
	    0.90  - Initial Version

	LICENSE

	    This software is in the public domain. Where that dedication is not
	    recognized, you are granted a perpetual, irrevocable license to copy,
	    distribute, and modify this file as you see fit.

	How to use:

	    Do this:
	        #define GB_STRING_IMPLEMENTATION
	    before you include this file in *one* C++ file to create the implementation

	    i.e. it should look like this:
	    #include ...
	    #include ...
	    #include ...
	    #define GB_STRING_IMPLEMENTATION
	    #include "gb_string.h"

	    You can #define GB_ALLOC, and GB_FREE to avoid using malloc,free.

	    If you prefer to use C++, you can use all the same functions in a
	    namespace instead, do this:
	        #define GB_STRING_CPP
	    before you include the header file

	    i.e it should look like this:
	    #define GB_STRING_CPP
	    #include "gb_string.h"

	    The C++ version has the advantage that you do not need to reassign variables
	    i.e.

	        C version
	        str = gb_append_cstring(str, "another string");
	        C++ version
	        gb::append_cstring(str, "another string");

	        This could be achieved in C by passing a pointer to the string but for
	        simplicity and consistency, reassigning the variable is better.

	Reasoning:

	    By default, strings in C are null terminated which means you have to count
	    the number of character up to the null character to calculate the length.
	    Many "better" C string libraries will create a struct for a string.
	    i.e.

	        struct String {
	            size_t length;
	            size_t capacity;
	            char *  cstring;
	        };

	    This library tries to augment normal C strings in a better way that is still
	    compatible with C-style strings.

	    +--------+-----------------------+-----------------+
	    | Header | Binary C-style String | Null Terminator |
	    +--------+-----------------------+-----------------+
	             |
	             +-> Pointer returned by functions

	    Due to the meta-data being stored before the string pointer and every gb string
	    having an implicit null terminator, gb strings are full compatible with c-style
	    strings and read-only functions.

	Advantages:

	    * gb strings can be passed to C-style string functions without accessing a struct
	      member of calling a function, i.e.

	          printf("%s\n", gb_str);

	      Many other libraries do either of these:

	          printf("%s\n", string->cstr);
	          printf("%s\n", get_cstring(string));

	    * You can access each character just like a C-style string:

	          printf("%c %c\n", str[0], str[13]);

	    * gb strings are singularly allocated. The meta-data is next to the character
	      array which is better for the cache.

	Disadvantages:

	    * In the C version of these functions, many return the new string. i.e.

	          str = gb_append_cstring(str, "another string");

	      In the C++ version, this is made easier with the use of references. i.e.

	          gb::append_cstring(str, "another string");

	    * Custom allocators must redefine GB_ALLOC and GB_FREE which can be annoying.
	      realloc is not used for compatibility with many custom allocators that do not
	      have a reallocation function.

	    * This is not compatible with the "gb.h" gbString. That version is a better version
	      as it allows for custom allocators.

*/

/* Examples: */
/* C example */
#if 0
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define GB_STRING_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "gb_string.h"

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	gbString str = gb_make_string("Hello");
	gbString other_str = gb_make_string_length(", ", 2);
	str = gb_append_string(str, other_str);
	str = gb_append_cstring(str, "world!");

	printf("%s\n", str); // Hello, world!

	printf("str length = %d\n", gb_string_length(str));

	str = gb_set_string(str, "Potato soup");
	printf("%s\n", str); // Potato soup

	str = gb_set_string(str, "Hello");
	other_str = gb_set_string(other_str, "Pizza");
	if (gb_strings_are_equal(str, other_str))
		printf("Not called\n");
	else
		printf("Called\n");

	str = gb_set_string(str, "Ab.;!...AHello World       ??");
	str = gb_trim_string(str, "Ab.;!. ?");
	printf("%s\n", str); // "Hello World"

	gb_free_string(str);
	gb_free_string(other_str);

}
#endif

/* C++ example */
#if 0
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define GB_STRING_CPP
#define GB_STRING_IMPLEMENTATION
#include "gb_string.h"

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	using namespace gb;

	String str = make_string("Hello");
	String other_str = make_string(", ", 2);
	append_string(str, other_str);
	append_cstring(str, "world!");

	printf("%s\n", str); /* Hello, world! */

	printf("str length = %d\n", string_length(str));

	set_string(str, "Potato soup");
	printf("%s\n", str); /* Potato soup */

	set_string(str, "Hello");
	set_string(other_str, "Pizza");
	if (strings_are_equal(str, other_str))
		printf("Not called\n");
	else
		printf("Called\n");

	set_string(str, "Ab.;!...AHello World       ??");
	trim_string(str, "Ab.;!. ?");
	printf("%s\n", str); /* "Hello World" */

	free_string(str);
	free_string(other_str);
}
#endif

#ifndef GB_STRING_INCLUDE_GB_STRING_H
#define GB_STRING_INCLUDE_GB_STRING_H

#if !defined(GB_HAS_SNPRINTF) && \
    (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199101L || __cplusplus >= 201103L)
#define GB_HAS_SNPRINTF
#endif

#ifndef GB_ALLOC
#define GB_ALLOC(sz) malloc(sz)
#define GB_FREE(ptr) free(ptr)
#endif

#ifndef _MSC_VER
	#ifdef __cplusplus
	#define gb_inline inline
	#else
	#define gb_inline
	#endif
#else
#define gb_inline __forceinline
#endif

#include <string.h> /* Needed for memcpy and cstring functions */

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

typedef char *gbString;

typedef int gbBool;
#if !defined(GB_TRUE) || !defined(GB_FALSE)
#define GB_TRUE  1
#define GB_FALSE 0
#endif

#ifndef GB_SIZE_TYPE
#define GB_SIZE_TYPE
typedef size_t gbUsize;
#endif

#ifndef GB_NULLPTR
	#if __cplusplus
		#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
		#define GB_NULLPTR nullptr
		#else
		#define GB_NULLPTR 0
		#endif
	#else
	#define GB_NULLPTR (void*)0
	#endif
#endif

typedef struct gbStringHeader {
	gbUsize len;
	gbUsize cap;
} gbStringHeader;

#define GB_STRING_HEADER(s) ((gbStringHeader *)s - 1)

gbString gb_make_string(char const *str);
gbString gb_make_string_length(void const *str, gbUsize len);
void gb_free_string(gbString str);

gbString gb_duplicate_string(gbString const str);

gbUsize gb_string_length(gbString const str);
gbUsize gb_string_capacity(gbString const str);
gbUsize gb_string_available_space(gbString const str);

void gb_clear_string(gbString str);

gbString gb_append_string_length(gbString str, void const *other, gbUsize len);
gbString gb_append_string(gbString str, gbString const other);
gbString gb_append_cstring(gbString str, char const *other);

gbString gb_set_string(gbString str, char const *cstr);

gbString gb_string_make_space_for(gbString str, gbUsize add_len);
gbUsize gb_string_allocation_size(gbString const str);

gbBool gb_strings_are_equal(gbString const lhs, gbString const rhs);

gbString gb_trim_string(gbString str, char const *cut_set);

#ifdef GB_HAS_SNPRINTF
gbString gb_printf(gbString str, char const *fmt, ...);
gbString gb_vprintf(gbString str, char const *fmt, va_list va);
#endif

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#if defined(GB_STRING_CPP)

#if !defined(__cplusplus)
#error You need to compile as C++ for the C++ version of gb_string.h to work
#endif

namespace gb
{
typedef gbString String;
typedef gbUsize usize;

gb_inline String make_string(char const *str = "") { return gb_make_string(str); }
gb_inline String make_string(void const *str, usize len) { return gb_make_string_length(str, len); }
gb_inline void free_string(String& str) { gb_free_string(str); str = GB_NULLPTR; }
gb_inline String duplicate_string(const String str) { return gb_duplicate_string(str); }
gb_inline usize string_length(const String str) { return gb_string_length(str); }
gb_inline usize string_capacity(const String str) { return gb_string_capacity(str); }
gb_inline usize string_available_space(const String str) { return gb_string_available_space(str); }
gb_inline void clear_string(String str) { gb_clear_string(str); }
gb_inline void append_string_length(String& str, void const *other, usize len) { str = gb_append_string_length(str, other, len); }
gb_inline void append_string(String& str, const String other) { str = gb_append_string(str, other); }
gb_inline void append_cstring(String& str, char const *other) { str = gb_append_cstring(str, other); }
gb_inline void set_string(String& str, char const *cstr) { str = gb_set_string(str, cstr); }
gb_inline void string_make_space_for(String& str, usize add_len) { str = gb_string_make_space_for(str, add_len); }
gb_inline usize string_allocation_size(const String str) { return gb_string_allocation_size(str); }
gb_inline bool strings_are_equal(const String lhs, const String rhs) { return gb_strings_are_equal(lhs, rhs) == GB_TRUE; }
gb_inline void trim_string(String& str, char const *cut_set) { str = gb_trim_string(str, cut_set); }

#ifdef GB_HAS_SNPRINTF
gb_inline void ref_vprintf(String& str, char const *fmt, va_list va) { str = gb_vprintf(str, fmt, va); }
gb_inline void ref_printf(String& str, char const *fmt, ...) {
	va_list va;
	va_start(va, fmt);
	ref_vprintf(str, fmt, va);
	va_end(va);
}
#endif

} /* namespace gb */
#endif /* GB_STRING_CPP */
#endif /* GB_STRING_H */
#ifdef GB_STRING_IMPLEMENTATION

static void gb_set_string_length(gbString str, gbUsize len) {
	GB_STRING_HEADER(str)->len = len;
}

static void gb_set_string_capacity(gbString str, gbUsize cap) {
	GB_STRING_HEADER(str)->cap = cap;
}

#ifdef GB_HAS_SNPRINTF
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>

gbString gb_vprintf(gbString s, char const *fmt, va_list va) {
	va_list va2;
	int nl;
	gbUsize clen = gb_string_length(s);

	va_copy(va2, va);
	nl = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, va2);
	va_end(va2);

	if (nl < 0 || nl == INT_MAX) {
		gb_free_string(s);
		return GB_NULLPTR;
	}

	s = gb_string_make_space_for(s, nl + 1);
	if (s == GB_NULLPTR)
		return GB_NULLPTR;
	vsnprintf(s + clen, nl + 1, fmt, va);
	return s;
}

gbString gb_printf(gbString s, char const *fmt, ...) {
	va_list va;
	va_start(va, fmt);
	s = gb_vprintf(s, fmt, va);
	va_end(va);
	return s;
}
#endif

gbString gb_make_string_length(void const *init_str, gbUsize len) {
	gbString str;
	gbStringHeader *header;
	gbUsize header_size = sizeof(gbStringHeader);
	void *ptr = GB_ALLOC(header_size + len + 1);
	if (ptr == GB_NULLPTR)
		return GB_NULLPTR;
	if (!init_str)
		memset(ptr, 0, header_size + len + 1);

	str = (char *)ptr + header_size;
	header = GB_STRING_HEADER(str);
	header->len = len;
	header->cap = len;
	if (len && init_str)
		memcpy(str, init_str, len);
	str[len] = '\0';

	return str;
}

gbString gb_make_string(char const *str) {
	gbUsize len = str ? strlen(str) : 0;
	return gb_make_string_length(str, len);
}

void gb_free_string(gbString str) {
	if (str == GB_NULLPTR)
		return;

	GB_FREE((gbStringHeader *)str - 1);
}

gbString gb_duplicate_string(gbString const str) {
	return gb_make_string_length(str, gb_string_length(str));
}

gbUsize gb_string_length(gbString const str) {
	return GB_STRING_HEADER(str)->len;
}

gbUsize gb_string_capacity(gbString const str) {
	return GB_STRING_HEADER(str)->cap;
}

gbUsize gb_string_available_space(gbString const str) {
	gbStringHeader *h = GB_STRING_HEADER(str);
	if (h->cap > h->len)
		return h->cap - h->len;
	return 0;
}

void gb_clear_string(gbString str) {
	gb_set_string_length(str, 0);
	str[0] = '\0';
}

gbString gb_append_string_length(gbString str, void const *other, gbUsize other_len) {
	gbUsize curr_len = gb_string_length(str);

	str = gb_string_make_space_for(str, other_len);
	if (str == GB_NULLPTR)
		return GB_NULLPTR;

	memcpy(str + curr_len, other, other_len);
	str[curr_len + other_len] = '\0';
	gb_set_string_length(str, curr_len + other_len);

	return str;
}

gbString gb_append_string(gbString str, gbString const other) {
	return gb_append_string_length(str, other, gb_string_length(other));
}

gbString gb_append_cstring(gbString str, char const *other) {
	return gb_append_string_length(str, other, strlen(other));
}

gbString gb_set_string(gbString str, char const *cstr) {
	gbUsize len = strlen(cstr);
	if (gb_string_capacity(str) < len) {
		str = gb_string_make_space_for(str, len - gb_string_length(str));
		if (str == GB_NULLPTR)
			return GB_NULLPTR;
	}

	memcpy(str, cstr, len);
	str[len] = '\0';
	gb_set_string_length(str, len);

	return str;
}

static gb_inline void *gb__string_realloc(void *ptr, gbUsize old_size, gbUsize new_size) {
	void *new_ptr;
	if (!ptr)
		return GB_ALLOC(new_size);

	if (new_size < old_size)
		new_size = old_size;

	if (old_size == new_size)
		return ptr;

	new_ptr = GB_ALLOC(new_size);
	if (!new_ptr)
		return GB_NULLPTR;

	memcpy(new_ptr, ptr, old_size);

	GB_FREE(ptr);

	return new_ptr;
}

gbString gb_string_make_space_for(gbString str, gbUsize add_len) {
	gbUsize len = gb_string_length(str);
	gbUsize new_len = len + add_len;
	void *ptr, *new_ptr;
	gbUsize available, old_size, new_size;

	available = gb_string_available_space(str);
	if (available >= add_len) /* Return if there is enough space left */
		return str;


	ptr = (char *)str - sizeof(gbStringHeader);
	old_size = sizeof(gbStringHeader) + gb_string_length(str) + 1;
	new_size = sizeof(gbStringHeader) + new_len + 1;

	new_ptr = gb__string_realloc(ptr, old_size, new_size);
	if (new_ptr == GB_NULLPTR)
		return GB_NULLPTR;
	str = (char *)new_ptr + sizeof(gbStringHeader);

	gb_set_string_capacity(str, new_len);

	return str;
}

gbUsize gb_string_allocation_size(gbString const s) {
	gbUsize cap = gb_string_capacity(s);
	return sizeof(gbStringHeader) + cap;
}

gbBool gb_strings_are_equal(gbString const lhs, gbString const rhs) {
	gbUsize lhs_len, rhs_len, i;
	lhs_len = gb_string_length(lhs);
	rhs_len = gb_string_length(rhs);
	if (lhs_len != rhs_len)
		return GB_FALSE;

	for (i = 0; i < lhs_len; i++) {
		if (lhs[i] != rhs[i])
			return GB_FALSE;
	}

	return GB_TRUE;
}

gbString gb_trim_string(gbString str, char const *cut_set) {
	char *start, *end, *start_pos, *end_pos;
	gbUsize len;

	start_pos = start = str;
	end_pos   = end   = str + gb_string_length(str) - 1;

	while (start_pos <= end && strchr(cut_set, *start_pos))
		start_pos++;
	while (end_pos > start_pos && strchr(cut_set, *end_pos))
		end_pos--;

	len = (start_pos > end_pos) ? 0 : ((end_pos - start_pos)+1);

	if (str != start_pos)
		memmove(str, start_pos, len);
	str[len] = '\0';

	gb_set_string_length(str, len);

	return str;
}



#endif /* GB_STRING_IMPLEMENTATION */